against

prep.

1. (表示方向)与…方向相反, 逆着, 迎着, 顶着
   • You should fly your kite against the wind.
     你应该迎着风放风筝。
   • She always advances against difficulties.
     她总是迎着困难上。
2. (表示方位)紧靠着…, 倚靠着…
   • The seats have no back against which to lean.
     这些座位都没有靠背可倚。
3. (表示对象)对…不利, 对…有害; 和…碰撞, 与…撞击; 预防, 以…为抵御对象; 以…为竞争对手; 违反, 违背
   • The present economic climate works against the smaller companies.
     当前的经济气候对小公司不利。
4. (表示目的)为…做准备, 防备…之用
   • She is preparing a substantial meal against his return.
     她正在准备一顿丰盛的饭菜为他接风。
5. (表示态度)反对, 反抗
   • He fought against the disease for a long time.
     他同疾病做了长时间的斗争。
6. (表示依据)以…为标准
   • I checked my watch against the steeple clock.
     我根据教堂尖塔的大钟对了表。
7. 以…兑换, 以…交换
   • Please deliver this package against payment of cost.
     请把这件货物送去, 把货款带回。
8. (表示对比)和…比, 和…对照; 以…为背景
   • He is elected by a majority of 40 votes against 10.
     他以40票对10票的大多数票当选。
   • The mountain looks magnificent against the sky.
     在蓝天的衬托下, 这座山显得雄伟壮丽。