be caused by

例句：

1. 1. The accident was caused by a malfunctioning brake system.
   这次事故是由一个失灵的刹车系统引起的。
2. 2.The sudden drop in oil prices is caused by the global economic downturn.
   石油价格的突然下跌是由于全球经济衰退引起的。
3. 3. The decision was caused by a lack of communication between the two parties.
   这个决定是由于双方沟通不足造成的。