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1. The crackin the wall was caused by a suddendrop in temperature.
墙上的裂缝是由于温度突然下降造成的。
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2. The crack initiation energyof the material is crucial for its strengthand durability.
材料中的裂纹起始能对其强度和耐用性至关重要。
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3. Theresearcher found that thecrack initiation energy could bereduced by using a more durable coating.
研究人员发现,使用更耐用的涂层可以减少裂纹起始能。