indirect determination

例句：

1. 1. The scientist used an indirect method to determine the chemical composition of the sample.
   科学家使用一种间接方法来确定样品的化学成分。
2. 2. The company's financial report revealed that its profits were indirectly affected by the economic downturn.
   公司的财务报告显示，其利润受到经济衰退的间接影响。
3. 3. The researcher conducted an indirect determination of the mineral's density using acalibrated scale.
   研究者使用校准过的秤来间接测定矿物的密度。