orthogonal dimension

例句：

1. 1. The orthogonal projection of a vector is its length squared divided by the magnitude of the vector.
   向量的正交投影是向量长度平方除以向量模长。
2. 2. The orthogonal group is a group of transformations that leave objects unchanged if they are perpendicular to each other.
   正交群是一种变换群，如果对象彼此垂直，则保持不变。
3. 3. In physics, an orthogonal matrix is a square matrix whose elements are orthogonal to each other.
   在物理学中，一个正交矩阵是一个方阵，其元素彼此正交。