strip ridge buckle

例句：

1. 1. The car was stripped of all its paint.
   这辆车被彻底地剥去了所有的油漆。
2. 2. She stripped off her coat to go into the cold weather.
   她脱掉外套，进入寒冷的天气。
3. 3. The old tree had been stripped of its bark by the wind.
   老树被风吹掉了树皮。