topo-edaphic climax

例句：

1. 1. The topography of the region is characterized by its rugged mountains and deepvalleys.
   该地区的地形特点是崎岖的山脉和深邃的山谷。
2. 2. The topography of the land is crucial for understanding its geological history.
   陆地的地形对于理解其地质历史至关重要。
3. 3. The topography of the region has been extensively studied in recent years, revealing new insights into climate change.
   近年来，该地区的地形研究得到了广泛开展，揭示了气候变化的新见解。