topological differential geometry

例句：

1. 1. Topological differential geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of shapes and their properties in three dimensions.
   拓扑微分几何是数学的一个分支，研究三维形状及其属性。
2. 2. In topological differential geometry, we use concepts such as curvature and torsion to describethe shape of a surface.
   在拓扑微分几何中，我们使用曲率和扭曲等概念来描述曲面的形状。
3. 3.The theory of topological differential geometry has applications in fields such as physics and engineering, where it is used to model complex systems and phenomena.
   拓扑微分几何的理论在物理学和工程领域有应用，用于模拟复杂系统和现象。